Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology Essay - 12

Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology - Essay Example Richardson and Adams explore the topic of qualitative research by attempting to analyze key aspects of qualitative writing. Richardson notes that in the world of qualitative writing two sets namely, literary and scientific exist. She notes that even though there seems to be a blur between the two genres, the distinction between them lies in the nature of the claim made by the author in the article. However, Richardson observes that post-modern ideas have helped resolve this issue, as it has made it easier to tell between based on such concepts as post-structuralism, a concept, she notes, that allows us to link the language used, social organization, subjectivity, and power. She observes that this interconnection directs qualitative writers towards understanding themselves reflexively, and equally frees them from consolidating all information that targets a myriad of an audience in one piece, instead of developing different pieces for the different audience. Postmodernism also claims that regardless of the extent to which a writer tries to suppress his/her presence in a qualitative article, the writer is always present and that the partial and situational nature of writing is a testimony to this fact. This, therefore, implies that a qualitative paper must meet the following key criteria: the paper must contribute to a substantive understanding of social life and the analytical approaches used in the paper must give room for interpretive responses. In addition, there has to be adequate self-awareness and self-exposure that enables the reader to make a conclusive judgment about the opinion presented by the writer, and finally, the paper ought to have an impact that for instance, can motivate the need for further research on the same.

Globalisation on Service Economies in the Uk Essay Example for Free

Globalisation on Service Economies in the Uk Essay MacKinnon amp; Cumbers (2011) defined globalisation as †¦ the increased connections †¦ in flows of goods, services, money, information and people across national and continental borders. . The globalisation process may be decomposed into constituent processes in order to explain the impacts it has had, which will be discussed more later. In turn, a service economy is one, or part of one, that is based on trade in services. A service is characterised by its intangibility, inseparability (the simultaneous production and consumption of services), heterogeneity and perishability over time and space (Regan 1963; Rathmell 1966; Shostack 1977; Zeithaml et al 1985, cited in Wolak 1998). Alternatively, services are economic activities which have no direct involvement with agriculture, mining, or manufacturing (OECD 2000). Both macro and meso-scale impacts will be examined, starting with the macro; how the service sector as a whole has changed and how globalisation may have fundamentally changed the concept of what a service might be. Inequality as a result of globalisation will then be discussed with particular reference to the North-South divide, before examining market structure changes in terms of levels of competition in the service sector. Finally, meso-scale impacts will be considered, emphasising wage differences in the UKs service sector. Figure [ 1 ]: Percentage share of employment in the UK by sector, 1980-2008 Source: ONS 2009, cited in Faulconbridge 2010 The most profound impact has been the expansion of the service sector since the onset of globalisation in the mid-20th century. Figure 1 shows the increase in service employment from 1980 2008. Further to this, the %GDP generated by the service sector in this same period rose by approximately 20% (OECD 1996, cited in Julius ;amp; Butler 1998), closely mirroring the data in figure 1. Explanation for this can be found in the international division of labour (IDL) that has occurred, in which agriculture and manufacturing have moved abroad to areas that have a comparative advantage over the UK in these sectors. Bryson (2008) referred to this process as the first global shift. The result is, as Figure 1 shows, that as agriculture and manufacturing decline in the UK, services fill the gap that they have left behind. But what led to the first global shift? Offshoring, the act of transferring (predominantly lower-skilled) operations to least-cost locations abroad, is a relatively new concept which has occurred with globalisation (Coe et al 2007). In particular, the rise of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) that are involved with multiple economic sectors, has created a pronounced IDL with East Asia as a dominant choice of location for outsourcing and offshoring. An example of this is Primark Ltd, a subsidiary of Associated British Foods plc. Primarks retail stores -the service part of its operations- are predominantly in the UK, but it sources its products (manufacturing that would otherwise be done in the UK) from East Asia (Primark 2011). This split encapsulates one way in which services in the UK have grown; at the expense of other sectors. Another explanation for the expansion is the liberalisation of the UK economy. As globalisation took hold, the view that free trade was the most efficient way to trade became dominant, a philosophy termed neoliberalism (Peet et al 2011). The result was the formation of trade blocs and international organisations, for example the development of the European Union into what it is today. Flows of capital, labour and goods between constituents of the EU are uninhibited by tariffs and quotas, leading to a disproportionate increase of trade in services between the UK and Europe as the costs of trade fell. Evidence for how liberalism has worked is found in the Big Bang in London. In 1986 the UK government attempted the most rapid, and most comprehensive regulatory relaxation ever attempted by an exchange (Clemons amp; Weber 1990: 233). By abolishing trade restrictions such as the minimum scale for commissions and opening the exchange to outsiders, deregulation made the City more attractive as a marketplace, thus regaining its competitive advantage which it had lost to other cities such as New York (Clemons amp; Weber 1990). But as Londons capital-intensive sector grew in size and scale, so did the whole service sector. Wages were pushed upwards and created a mood of optimism (The Economist 2011), increasing the demand for lower-paid services such as cleaning, which are vital for a city to function (Sokol 2011). As well as this, knowledge-based services such as accountancy or stock broking also flourished due to the increased volume of trade. Globalisation, more specifically the spread of technology, has also changed the fundamentals of a service. The earlier definition of service comes from literature from the mid-to-late 20th century, but more recently services have begun to transcend the characteristics of being inseparable and perishable, allowed by technological advancements (OECD, 2000). An example of this can be found by examining the relatively new concept of internet search engines; it is a service produced at one point in time, yet it is available for use at almost any point in time and space, and by virtually unlimited amounts of people. Through technology, a whole host of different types of services have arisen, contributing to the expansion of the service sector. One particular new type of service is a business service (BS). Shown in figure 1, the increase in employment in BSs since 1980 is due to firms externalising and outsourcing work (Faulconbridge 2010), for example employing an accountant from a specialist accountancy firm rather than one in-house. Externalisation can be explained by the concept of the spatial division of expertise (Bryson amp; Rusten 2006, cited in Daniels et al 2008), which exploits the theory of comparative advantage for knowledge and expertise, at a meso-scale. As such, the demand for BSs has increased, pushing forward BSs prominence in the UK economy. Another impact is the widening of the North-South divide in England, observed at least as early as 1988 (Green 1988), during the Thatcher governments implementation of neoliberalistic policies. Evidence for this is found in much literature (Martin, 2010; French et al 2010; Mackinnon ;amp; Cumbers, 2011; Bryson, 2008), arguing that the spatial shift to services in the UK has been uneven; growth in knowledge and capital intensive services have been concentrated in the South-East and London, whilst labour-intensive (and therefore likely to be lower-paid) services developed in the rest of the UK, in particular the North. This spatial inequality of the UK service economy can be attributed to a number of globalisation factors, but one of importance was the already-established spatial division of expertise between London and the rest of the UK. London had been the capital of the workshop of the world, thus established as a centre of knowledge, so as global markets became more integrated, and with events such as the Big Bang, the size and scale at which Londons knowledge economy operated increased disproportionately relative to the rest of the UKs. Further to this, the divide is exacerbated by exposure to world market forces that results from liberalisation. The financial crisis of 2007 which started in the USA caused the collapse of Northern Rock, RBS, and HBOS, major banks whose headquarters were based in Newcastle and Edinburgh. French et al (2010) argued that their fates signalled the end of Edinburgh and Newcastle as regional financial centres, thus further eroding the spatial equality of types of services in the UK. Indeed, Newcastle is increasingly being known as being a location of choice for outsourcing call centres (Richardson et al 2000). Exposure to world markets was mentioned when discussing spatial inequality caused by globalisation. But exposure has also meant an increased level of competition in the service sector as TNCs expand their operations. An example of this has been the inward foreign investment in the supermarket industry by firms such as Aldi since 1989, creating competition and adversely changing the market structure from the view of domestic firms. Aldi hoped to create 1500 new jobs from 2008-2013 (Wallop 2008), implying that inward foreign investment has brought positive impacts for service sector employment. On the other hand there are some service industries for which increased competition has had very few positive impacts, notably the coastal tourism industry. Blackpools local economy is based heavily upon services related to tourism, but with the advancement of travel technology exposing this market to international competition, the tourism sector has declined considerably in recent years (Singleton 2009) along with its related industries. Figure [ 2 ]: Index of rise in Gross Weekly Real Earnings for full-time males 1978 2008 Source: Lansley (2009) Inequality can also be found at a meso-scale, in particular, the increase in the difference between the highest paid and lowest paid workers. Figure 2 shows that the rate of increase at the 90th percentile in the male wage distribution has been far higher than that at the 10th percentile. Although figure 2 does not isolate service wages from other wages, this rising inequality is still significant as services made up almost 90% of the UK economy in 2008 (figure 1). Van Reenen amp; Bell (2010) showed that the increase in the top end of the wage distribution has been mostly in financial services. Much recent media coverage has indeed focussed on high bankers bonuses. The causes of this may be partially explained with by theories which do not fit in the context of globalisation, for example the decline of trade unions being responsible for lowering wages at the bottom of the wage distribution (Van Reenen ;amp; Bell 2010). However, in a globalisation context, offshoring plays a major role. Offshoring, as explained before, moves lower-skilled jobs to least-cost locations. This means that domestic labour supply is now competing with labour supply abroad. If labour can be supplied abroad for cheaper, the domestic price of labour (i. . UK wages) is depressed, thus explaining the low rate at which low-skilled wages are rising in the context of higher-skilled wages. Alternatively, domestic demand for unskilled labour has fallen, resulting in the lowering of unskilled wages (Slaughter ;amp; Swagel 1997) Furthermore, influxes of migrants, particularly from the EU, have contributed to t he impacts on the labour market. Whilst skilled migrants help to tackle the UK skills shortage, unskilled migrants provide excess labour market supply; lowering unskilled wages and raising unemployment figures. An alternative explanation is the migrant division of labour (Wills et al 2010), where foreign-born workers are more likely to take lower-paid jobs in the UK because the wage is still higher than what they might get paid in their home country, so driving down wages of lower-paid jobs in general. At the other end of the scale, the highest-skilled wages are being pushed upwards disproportionately because as global markets become more integrated, the rate of increase in global demand for skilled labour outstrips that of the global supply of skilled labour. Evidence for the concept of demand outstripping supply comes from Richardson (2009, p. 326): †¦ even in times of relatively high unemployment, employers frequently cite skills shortages as one of the business difficulties that they face. In conclusion, explanations of impacts of globalisation on UK services tend to be constituent processes of globalisation which are inextricably linked: the exposure to world markets due to trade liberalisation, offshoring, technology, and migration, but the impacts they cause vary greatly. Explanations may also rely on economic theory, for example, the impacts on the labour market. Exposure to world market forces, such as the current Eurozone crisis, may mean Londons position within the UK is compromised like Newcastles and Edinburghs was. Additionally, as shown by the contrast between supermarkets and tourism in the UK, impacts and their explanations are industry-specific. However, it must be realised that globalisation offers only partial explanation of the impacts discussed.  Politics, economics, sociology as well as wider geography play a fundamental role in particular, UK governments have played a vastly important role in shaping outcomes of globalisation.

Modern and traditional architecture

Modern and traditional architecture The architecture of a country acts like a mirror for understanding the way of living and also the developments of the place that have led to the creation of the country as it looks today. The architecture of a country gives an insight into a countrys developments over the years. Many times architecture also helps us predict what type of traditions have been followed in the country over a large span of time. The thesis mainly deals with analyzing whether the direction of development of architecture taken by UAE after seeing an oil boom is justified or not with an aim to understand the role of oil boom in the development of UAEs architecture. The thesis also deals with analyzing whether the country has lost its traditional heritage by building highly modernized buildings. The thesis deals with the important topic of deciding whether a country should go with its traditional methods or would go towards highly modernized architecture in order to attract larger number of tourists and earn higher revenues or should it maintain its traditional architecture which is unique to a country. In my view for a country it is important to plan its architecture in a way that it promotes revenues and also keeps some uniqueness for the country this could be achieved only when the countrys planners decide to develop their architecture keeping in mind the traditions of the country. Islamic architecture mainly deals with the architectural designs that are influenced by Islam Mosques, tombs, palaces and forts form an important part of the Islamic culture (Islamic architecture definition) .Traditional architecture mainly means architectural designs that are common to a place. These buildings might not form part of the highly modernized buildings of the same time and might implement simpler technologies in their construction. Traditional architecture is commonly known as vernacular architecture and is mainly used to define methods of construction which use the resources and traditions of the place to which they belong (Vernacular Architecture). These mainly constitute the common buildings that have been developed over time and usually reflect the cultural environmental and historical contexts of the place in which they evolve. The designs formed by architects usually involve many physical and geometrical calculations in order to develop a design and make it a physical entity but the vernacular architecture is mostly transported by traditions and is base on knowledge that is gained by the trial and error methods and are then passed on to generations. They usually do not involve complex engineering. The vernacular architecture of UAE has characteristics similar to various other gulf countries. The vernacular architecture of UAE shows evidences of its dependence on the natural environment of UAE. The impact of economic, social and cultural factors is also easily visible in the traditional architecture of UAE. The traditional architecture was mainly a result of concentration of people in a location as the population was very unevenly distributed and was concentrated more in areas where water was available. The concentration of population in ancient times in the Abu Dhabi due to the presence of water and palm trees in the village of Al Ain is quite evident and also Dubai was a home for a large no. of people because of its location at the entrance of a curving creek also known as khoor which promoted trade. The construction of forts and citadels also formed an important part of the vernacular architecture of UAE. Al Hisn fort at Abu Dhabi is a good example of architecture. (Vernacul ar architecture in UAE) Islamic architecture comprises of a wide range of secular and religious designs and buildings that have been created from the day when Islam was found to the present day. The mosque, the tomb, the fort and the palace are the four main types of Islamic architecture (Islamic architecture definition). The Islamic architecture is commonly characterized by domes and ceilings, walls and vaults, large interior spaces and Arches and columns. (Characteristics of Islamic architecture). Some of the famous tourist sites like the Burj Dubai are also affected by the Islamic architectural styles and techniques. Modern Architecture is a type of architecture that has led to the simplification of form. It has also led to the usage of the theme and structure of a building to form highly attractive structures. The first variants of the modern architecture were seen very early in the 20th century but they have become popular only after the Second World War and today have also become a representative of modern structures. The discovery of oil led to an increase in prosperity for UAE. As a result of this increase in the revenues and identifying the need to build new buildings the countries managing authorities established planning departments in order to plan the development of cities and villages in the country. The community of UAE started modernizing as a result of increased income to spend on such items and this modernization was also seen in the field of architecture. In the 1970s and 1980s after witnessing an oil boom which resulted in external income for the government the government of UAE took the initiative to build public houses for its citizens. (Architectural styles in Dubai) In the era of seventies and eighties most of the buildings built were based on modern architectural styles which were imported from other parts of the world. This era saw an important role of architects from western countries in the development of Dubai. The buildings built used highly sophisticated and modern technologies for building various forms of architecture (Architectural styles in Dubai). Example of public housing project The era of 1970s and 1980s was an era of modern architecture in UAE. The planning of modern architecture was a result of increased revenues after the oil boom which resulted in large amount of revenues for the government, in the same era the government decided to build structures to fulfill needs and also to increase revenues for the country by developing new tourist destinations which could attract visitors from all around the world and lead to a new source of earning gains for the citizens of the country and would also lead to a decrement in its dependence on oil as a source of income. As a result during this period the government served as the main planner through various planning departments and the architects from different parts of the world were called to develop these projects as the projects involved modern technologies which were new to UAE. hence these planners served as the developers of modern UAE. In the nineties the country saw a new trend in architectural developments the developments of this period include a mix of modern and traditional architecture of UAE. This period also saw replacements in the buildings built during seventies to be more related to the region. This trend is continuing even today and even today the buildings are built keeping in mind the traditions and modernization aspects of architecture At last I would like to conclude that although UAE was developing only on the basis of modernization in the seventies but after a short interval of time the developers and planners understood the cultural and traditional wealth of UAE and the current architectural design is a mix of both modern and traditional styles of architecture. References Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 fromhttp://www.ebook3000.com/Dictionary-of-Islamic-Architecture_36109.html (Islamic architecture) Traditional Architecture (n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Traditional+architecture (traditional architecture) Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture (Islamic architecture definition) Vernacular Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 from http://www.vernaculararchitecture.com/ (Vernacular Architecture) Vernacular architecture in UAE(n.d.), Retrieved in May 1,2010 from http://victorian.fortunecity.com/dali/428/uaearch/uaearch6.htm (Vernacular architecture in UAE) Characteristics of Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/8647136/islamic-architecture-gains-its-origins-By-Doris-Kemp- (Characteristics of Islamic architecture) Architectural styles of Dubai in different time periods(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://victorian.fortunecity.com/dali/428/uaearch/uaearch7.htm (Architectural styles in Dubai)

The Road Essay -- Literary Analysis, McCarthy

In Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† refer to themselves as â€Å"the good guys† compared to â€Å"the bad guys†. While reading this book I was lead to believe that â€Å"the boy† is truly the only â€Å"good guy† left, because â€Å"the man† and every other character that I encountered in this book share some of the same qualities as â€Å"the bad guys†. The boy constantly begs his father to be sympathetic and charitable to the drifters that they encounter on the road, but the father usually refuses or either puts up an argument before finally giving into the boy, and handing over one or two cans of food to the stranger. Although â€Å"the man† is in survival mode, he expresses no compassion for humanity and therefore represents â€Å"the bad guys†. â€Å"They came upon him shuffling along the road before them, dragging one leg slightly and stopping from time to time to stand stooped and uncertain before setting out again.†(McCarthy 49). â€Å"They followed him a good ways but at his pace they were losing the day and finally he just sat down in the road and did not get up again.†(McCarthy 49). â€Å"He was burntlooking as the country, his clothing scorched and black.† â€Å"One of his eyes was burnt shut and his hair was but a nitty wig of ash upon his blackened skull.†(McCarthy 49, 50) . â€Å"What is wrong with the man?† â€Å"He’s been struck by lightning.† â€Å"Can’t we help him?† â€Å"Papa?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"We cant help him.† â€Å"The boy kept pulling at his coat.† â€Å"Papa?† â€Å"Stop it.† â€Å"Cant we help him Papa?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"We can’t help him.† â€Å"There’s nothing to be done for him.† â€Å"They went on. â€Å"The boy was crying† â€Å"He kept looking back.† (McCarthy 50). I was agitated with â€Å"the man† during this part of the novel, because I feel that he should have at least stopped and checked on the fee... ...he thought it was beauty or about goodness.† Things that he’d no longer any way to think about at all.† (McCarthy 129,130). â€Å"The man† still shows acts of kindness towards strangers here and there in hopes that the boy will not follow in his footsteps and give up fate as well; he wants â€Å"the boy,† as McCarthy states it, to continue â€Å"to carry the fire.† This book was very interesting and pleasurable to read, I found myself intimately connecting with the characters. In some ways I found myself walking in â€Å"the man’s† shoes, not caring about humanity, and only protecting the one most precious to him (me). In some instances I also sided with â€Å"the boy† clinging to the hopes of a brighter world where there is still some purity in civilization. This novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy is a true masterpiece and I recommend it to anyone looking for a phenomenal read.

Issues †politics Essay

Boeing is one of the world’s best known manufactures of aircrafts and so is Northrop Grumman who are the manufacturers of the airbus (Online News Hour, 2008). These are two top brands who are obviously competing in other areas of business and therefore any decision that involve them is bound to raise considerable heat. It should b noted that both are American companies though Northrop Grumman is partly owned by a French company. The nature of the contract which involves the security of America as a nation is a matter of national concern as it involves the development of structures that could ensure the growth of security systems. Boeing and Grumman being business structures, such a big contract will obviously attract the interest of stakeholders from both sides. There are a number of key issues that have been brought out by the airforce contracts which include: Military contracts are a matter of public concern since it is in place to protect the public, the resources used in the military contracts are derived from taxpayers and therefore the failure of such projects will be a waste of taxpayers money (Meyer, 2007). When McCain questioned the cost effectiveness in leasing planes that would otherwise have no values when their lease period was over his motive as the senator of Alabama was to ensure that the taxpayers money is channeled to useful projects. Furthermore, it is quite clear that the politicians have the ability to shoot down potentially useful deals due to what Northrop Grumman executives refer to as expensive lobbying. Politics is not always objective for there are situations where the stakes involved are shielded from the public and though the politics and viewpoints will be developed to suit the public, the real reasons are often personal (Meyer, 2007). The inclusion of politics in such cases therefore has both advantages and disadvantages and should be weighed carefully. Military procurement just like any other public procurement scheme is prone to corruption, this was the case in the original contract that was brought to an end by Rumsfeld in 2006. Moreover, the big money involved in military procurement processes act as a natural catalysts for corruption, therefore there is need to come up with a robust self regulated systems that will ensure that such unethical practices are not in anyway included in the procurement process, the congress thus comes into the picture (Meyer, 2007). However, the political system is not known for its objectivity. In the cases, some of the reasons brought out against Northrop Grumman are flimsy and lack in objectivity. The fact that there will be lobbying is a clear sign that there will be loss in objectivity thus the decision will tend to favor groups that are be able to garner enough political support in the congress. Furthermore, the political system is one of the most corrupt system there is and the rationale in placing such a system to guard against corruption is questionable. i.Security Military procurement is a security critical matter (Meyer, 2007). The military is in place to ensure that the US is protected against its external enemies (Meyer, 2007). The seriousness with which the equipment tendering process is treated and the keen eye that the media watches the unfolding of such events relay the importance placed on the military by the American people. The US is traditionally a ‘fighting nation’ and the effectiveness of its military and equipments is one of the factors that has cemented its place as a world power. Military activities require high levels of secrecy (Meyer, 2007). There is need to come up with effective equipments that can be used in varied situations. It should be noted that the arguments brought forward by the executives from both sides are centered around the superiority of their products or the weaknesses of their opposite. The need for accuracy and well developed products that have the required reputation are some of the considerations that led to the two big companies making it to the final stage. The two companies are multinationals that have developed their brands all over the globe. It is noteworthy that when the US defense secretary cancels Boeing’s leases other nations still seek their products and are continues seeking the products that have been labeled cost ineffective due to the reputation associated with their brand name. The importance of the security system is seen in the number of avenues and legislative systems that have been put in place to ensure that the process is done in a just manner (Krishnan, 2008). When the airforce declares that Northrop Grumman had won the bid for the airforce tankers, Boeing seeks redress through a different avenue: Public accountability office. The office looks at their complaints and decides to freeze the process. It should be noted that it was the same office that had early in the decades frozen a billion dollar Boeing contract due to corruption charges. Even though there are systems put in place to ensure proper procedures in procurement of services and services, they can be outdone easily (Krishnan, 2008). The corruption allegations made in the initial Boeing contracts are a clear case where the protocols were overridden and it only came to realization a couple of months after the contracts had been signed. Furthermore, the fact that is was later found out that a different design could meet the specifications made by the airforce with reduced costs clearly show that even though the guidelines are put in place they are rarely followed thus the need for a system or authority that will follow up on the recommendations and processes to ensure that they conform to the laid out guidelines. Some politicians have argued that the French affiliation of the airbus manufacturer is in itself a security risk and therefore a purely American company should be contracted. However, such a contracting systems will obviously lock out other capable companies and therefore bring about questions on the integrity of the bidding process. America has prided itself as being a liberalized nation, putting up measures that will lock out other qualified members on the basis of the compositions of its investors is contrary to the spirit of liberalization. Furthermore, being involved with a company that has partnered with a success story in Europe shields the tanker project from American economic downtimes though it effectively ensures that the project is affected by the happening in Europe. It is unrealistic to lobby for Boeing on the basis of confidentiality; a company that has already shown traces of corruption cannot be trusted and neither can a company that is yet to prove its worth in the military sector. Therefore, system should be put in place to ensure that the projects are monitored and compared to some given standards if either is to be awarded the contract. ii. Stability The US is the father of capitalism and is therefore a country that is characterized by intense competition between industry players who will always be on the look for additional finances that will ensure their development into the future (Verkuil, 2007). On the day it was reported that Northrop Grumman had won the military contracts its share prices rose by over 20 cents and Boeing’s shares fell by a couple of cents (CBS News, 2008). Note, the development in the contract procurement were being watched by investors who will then make their decisions on which company to invest in. Even though the large money involved in the transactions may be enough to lure investors into channeling their resources to a particular company, the reputation involved in being a company contracted with one of the world’s best airforce to develop its aircraft tankers is enough to cause significant changes in the company’s share index. Being a capitalistic economy where entities gain at the expense of others, Boeing is bound to feel the pinch. The situation is made worse by the consideration that Boeing has a well developed reputation and therefore failure to win a contract from a partner that it has associated with for a long time may be taken by the investors and its consumers in the wrong light. It may imply that the partner does not trust its capacity to develop superiors products or has doubts on its potential to remain productive. To bring the idea of reputation into perspective, many are of the notion that the corruptions charges brought against Boeing may have affected its chances of successfully bidding for the contract (Verkuil, 2007). This holds considerable weight in that the military is not all about facilities but also reputation. The American people and its enemies will always keep a keen eye on the military and any transactions conducted with a partner who is proved to be corrupt will dent on its integrity thus its reputation. Conclusion Awarding a contract to a company to deliver services that are of public interest is a complex process and will always involve the media and many other systems that have been put in place to ensure the safety of the public. Individual good and interest will always be central in the arguments brought forward by most people, this is more pronounced if the contract will significantly affect many people. It is therefore upon the government and the social systems to ensure that the systems put in place to ensure effectiveness of the bidding process are functioning properly and are robust enough to deal with the dynamism associated with such processes. If need be, changes must be instituted to ensure that the system are functioning. The products delivered must measure up to some predetermined standards to ensure quality and accountability. These measures and other quality management measures if well integrated into the bidding and implementation of contracts that are of public interest will ensure that the public benefits in the best possible way. Word Count: 3271 ,Reference List CBS News (2008). Boeing Spurned On Huge Air Force Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from Krishnan, A. (2008). War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Meyer, J. (2007). Working in a War Zone: Military Contractors. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Online News Hour (2008). Boeing, Northrop Grumman Clash Over Tanker Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from United States Government Accountability Office (2008). Statement Regarding the Bid Protest Decision Resolving the Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest by The Boeing Company. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from Verkuil, R. (2007). Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and what We Can Do about it. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Audience, Anaylsis and Reception

Knowing the audience that you are presenting in front of is as important to knowing what you will be talking about. Most individuals are prepared with notes and other Items to help them stay on topic and well informed on the subject they are presenting on. Knowing the audience will let you know how detailed of a report you will have to write, if it is for the boss, they might except information on the topic, how the topic can be improve business, how Is this different from other organizations, the finances on how much it will take to get down.Yet If It Is for your fellow employees, they might Just want to know more Information on the topic and how It will Improve the business. Having an Idea of the audience that will be reading your report as an example like corporate executives or special guests that might be Glenn feedback on the report Is Important also. These Individuals might have specific knowledge on the topic and their research and analysis might be expected In the report and management might except feedback from them about the report.They might also except acknowledgment in the report on the Information you gotten from their research and/ or previous analysis. These potential understanding can help make a smoother report on the presenters part because they will know more of what to except after the report is read. And if these needs are not might more than likely management will look for a revised report with more specifics, management might want to let you go based on a bad report.If I had to write a report at my workplace I old know that my boss and her husband are difficult individuals to satisfy, I would have to make sure to provide as much details as possible on the subject, where I obtained the information, how credible are those resources and how will this improve their business with the finance numbers on how much will it take to get done. If the needs were not might with my report, management will except from me to improve upon what I already wrote; taking the feedback given to me or they will let me go based on a poor report on a topic that is in my Job description.

Free Essays on Urie Bronfrenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner received his bachelor’s degree from Cornell University in 1938, where he completed a double major in Psychology and in Music. He then went on to graduate work in Developmental Psychology, completing his Masters Degree at Harvard followed by his Doctorate from the University of Michigan in 1942. From the beginning of his scholarly work, Bronfenbrenner has pursued three themes: 1) Developing theory and corresponding research designs at the frontiers of developmental science; 2) Laying out the implications and applications of developmental theory and research for policy and practice 3) Communicating - through articles, lectures, and discussions - the findings of developmental research to undergraduate students, the general public, and to decision-makers both in the private and public sector. Bronfenbrenner has also played an active role in the design of developmental programs in the United States and abroad, including being one of the founders of Head Start. In the immediate future, he will be focusing on four main themes, looking at each to evolving theory and research to suggestion and applications for programs and policies. I. Growing Chaos in the Lives of America's Children, Youth, and Families: Consequences and Countermeasures. accumulated research evidence indicates that mounting disruptive trends taking place in our society over the past four decades have been undermining the competence and character of our America's children, youth and families to the point that continuation of our present policies and practices threatens the future of the nation. At the same time, recent advances in delopmental theory and research point not only to the intervening processes that produce this disarray but also to conditions and mechanisms that might be invoked to counteract the prevailing trends. II. Proximal Processes as Engines of Development. Proximal processes are one such mechanism. They involve "pattern... Free Essays on Urie Bronfrenbrenner Free Essays on Urie Bronfrenbrenner Urie Bronfenbrenner received his bachelor’s degree from Cornell University in 1938, where he completed a double major in Psychology and in Music. He then went on to graduate work in Developmental Psychology, completing his Masters Degree at Harvard followed by his Doctorate from the University of Michigan in 1942. From the beginning of his scholarly work, Bronfenbrenner has pursued three themes: 1) Developing theory and corresponding research designs at the frontiers of developmental science; 2) Laying out the implications and applications of developmental theory and research for policy and practice 3) Communicating - through articles, lectures, and discussions - the findings of developmental research to undergraduate students, the general public, and to decision-makers both in the private and public sector. Bronfenbrenner has also played an active role in the design of developmental programs in the United States and abroad, including being one of the founders of Head Start. In the immediate future, he will be focusing on four main themes, looking at each to evolving theory and research to suggestion and applications for programs and policies. I. Growing Chaos in the Lives of America's Children, Youth, and Families: Consequences and Countermeasures. accumulated research evidence indicates that mounting disruptive trends taking place in our society over the past four decades have been undermining the competence and character of our America's children, youth and families to the point that continuation of our present policies and practices threatens the future of the nation. At the same time, recent advances in delopmental theory and research point not only to the intervening processes that produce this disarray but also to conditions and mechanisms that might be invoked to counteract the prevailing trends. II. Proximal Processes as Engines of Development. Proximal processes are one such mechanism. They involve "pattern...

Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Essay Example

Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Essay Example Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Paper Why I Wish To Pursue Higher Education Paper Essay Topic: Education I believe myself to be a lifelong learner. Therefore, I consider both formal education and practical experience to be essential for my personal growth. Besides, I am convinced that it is education alone that is necessary to solve all problems of the world. Learning is the preliminary step in the right direction – that is, to solve all world problems. I trust the fact that learning can improve personalities, and refine human behavior as well as attitudes. Before completing my Bachelors degree in Interior Design from a private college in Saudi Arabia in the year 2005, I spent the summer of 2004 working as a trainee for a local interior design establishment. It was a marvelous experience, as it helped me muster my confidence to successfully complete my senior project in order to attain my degree. My senior project involved designing a Diving Center from scratch, all by myself. It was a creative experience that I thoroughly enjoyed. Moreover, it taught me a great deal about my own potential, as well as intelligence. Most importantly, I learned that I am capable of initiating and completing large-scale creative projects on my own, whereas countless others might experience lack of confidence in similar situations. Perhaps it was my experience with immense responsibility that inspired me to enter the world of business and finance in July 2005. I have been working with HSBC as a Customer Service Representative since. It is my job to guide customers to the right products after inquiring into their needs. I have been trained as a Teller. What is more, I have been honored with a couple of awards from the bank. My managers have often praised me as a responsible banker with high social intelligence. Apart from managing my responsibilities in the workplace, I have taken a number of computer courses after completing my degree. I have also successfully passed the Test of English as a Foreign Language. In addition, I have continued my reading habit that encompasses a large number of subjects. At present, I am prepared to join a higher education institution. I would like to attain a higher degree so as to move forward in my career. I am confident that higher education would open up a new world of opportunities for me. Additionally, it is vital for me to continue learning before I am able to establish myself in a position to educate the others. While a huge number of people might desire higher education only to earn higher salaries, I believe in serving the community with the knowledge that I have gathered. My successes at academic institutions and work have motivated me to take up leadership roles in future. I envision myself as a high achiever. Hence, I would not only endeavor to perform brilliantly at my higher education institution, but also as a professional after completing a higher degree. I believe that it is only lack of education that is keeping humanity from taking the next step in its evolution. The wars, the famines, and the poverty around the globe are lessons that are prompting us to move ahead with enlightened minds. The world requires a greater number of motivated and educated people. For this reason, I am confident of the fact that I can add value to my world through higher education.

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Anthropology - Essay Example Some of the mutations are silent and do not bring chances in the exonic sequence of the DNA, hence they remain silent. In certain cases these silent mutations may be expressed in the next generation or are lost with the individual. Thus, mutation or modifications of genomic sequences affects the expression of the genes in a given population. Equilibrium is observed for every inheritable modification and is studied with the help of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. H-W equilibrium provides the basis to analyze the alleles of the gene(s). If no modification occurred, the static allele frequency, crossways generations, remain static. For instance, in the present case, characteristic of the earlobe, either attached or unattached could be studied as the simple case of single locus. The alleles are present on the single locus in two different forms namely; the dominant allele is denoted by E and the recessive by e with frequencies denoted by p and q respectively. Frequency of E freq (E) = p and frequency of e, freq(e)= q. In a given population, under ideal conditions p + q =1 The heterozygotes according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, freq (Aa) = 2pq. According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (p is the dominant allele and q is the recessive allele). Punnett square for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains the genetics of transmission of traits in a population. The equation explains the prevailing frequency of allelic forms of earlobe, attached or unattached and hence the equation is highly

Small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Small business - Essay Example Purpose - ABS & Associates is a new brand within the United Kingdom consultancy industry that intends to provide fast, reliable accounting, technical and managerial assistance to local, national and international businesses. With ABS & Associates, we sell solutions & results. Our Objective: ABS & Associates short term objectives are to generate a margin of profit, grow at a challenging and manageable rate, and make a margin of 12% within the first few years of operation. Our long term objectives include ascending to the top five positions in the industry, become a leading auditing and consulting brand within Europe, capturing about 30% of the European and the UK consulting industry market share. The timing for setting up this business venture is the best. In the present phase of rampant accounting and auditing scandals coupled with stringent and ‘difficult to interpret and understand’ regulations set forth by regulatory bodies, the global financial crisis, ABS and Associates business consultancy intends to give prospective clients just the services they much desire to sail out of these huddles. The present niche market, existing demand from prospective clients, as well as personal desire nested at college to one day start our auditing and consulting business, the procurement and existence of highly professional and qualified Accountants at our reach and scope to support the business, give this venture a bright future. The proprietor of this business ABS, has masters degrees in Business Administration, is a Certified Public Accountants with thirteen years of professional experience in the Accounting/Auditing business. My desire of quality services and access to a pool of talented team of Accountants and Consultants will provide ABS & Associates with what it takes to make this venture an extremely successful one. (Bourdieu et al, 1984). In the light of our vision and mission statements, the growing reputation of the

Written communication assessment ( 30%) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Written communication assessment ( 30%) - Essay Example PSA is considered to be the leading supporter of pharmacists’ rights. It helps influence the attitudes and policies of the government and society through networking, continuing education, coordination, and health promotion activities. The Consumers Health Forum (CHF) speaks in behalf of the health consumers. It is an independent non-governmental organization which helps fashion Australia’s health care system by encouraging the consumers to participate in establishing health policies. The CHF gathers data, opinions, and complaints from the people and brings them to the attention of concerned government officials. Through their actions, government officials can make the necessary adjustments in policies for the good of the public. According to CHF, the general public should be given affordable, safe and quality medicines and health services. They also believe that consumers should have a chance to be involved in the management of their health care. Consumers should also be given access to vital health information in ways they can easily understand. The CHF prioritizes the safety and quality of health care services especially for patients with chronic conditions. The organization members come from different c ommunity and health sectors, including illness-based groups, population groups and other health-interest groups. (â€Å"Our CHF – Who are we?†). Through these various members, they give a voice to the consumer public. In 1928, the Pharmacy Guild of Australia was established. It successfully bonded together a number of pharmacy organizations from various States. It is registered as an employees’ organization and it has about 4500 member pharmacists throughout Australia. The Guild functions as a single entity, not a federation. The Guild involves itself in several areas of health care such as health

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans Research Paper

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans living on Mars sometime - Research Paper Example In 1971 may on 30th, mariner 9 took off from the earth to Mars on an Atlas Centaur rocket. It managed to arrive there in November the same year and started orbiting round the Red Planet. This was the first greatest achievement by the American manmade spaceship object to rotate around another planet. In this view, human beings had added a manmade satellite to another world. Following the American success, the Soviet Union also sent their two spaceships to Mars. These were Mars two and Mars three which achieved Martian orbit. This marked a constant desire to make more discoveries on the Red Planet and in three weeks, it had become a hotspot scientifically. The orbiting around Mars started changing human perspective about the solar system as a whole2. Spaceship has provided information concerning the family of planets indicating them to be strange and exotic than many people expected. In this regard, mars produced many surprises than any other solar system family. Mariner 9 indicated that Mars poses the biggest canyon and the largest mountain together with ancient streams and riverbeds. These discoveries were made from different sites on the Planet. The findings have been verified and explored in great details. Succeeding probes continue to sustain hopes that scientists might find signs of life on another planet just like the Earth3. Mars is still a fascinating place for humanity after forty years of research although; the investigation has proved to be a rocky business. According to Oxford astronomer, Professor Fred Taylor, Mars exploration story has been a true rollercoaster. Taylor closely worked with Nasa on several missions on Mars. He mentioned that the results of the explorations were different. Other results proved that there exists life on the planet4. On the other hand, some results proved the efforts to find life on the planet to be

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture Essay

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture and the interests and requirements of the religious tradit - Essay Example This paper will provide more insight into this analogy through discussing four historical religious architectures: the Altar of Zeus, Egyptian pyramids, Suleymaniye Mosque and St. Peter’s Basilica. The Altar of Zeus was created by ancient Greeks, Egyptian pyramids were erected by ancient Egyptians, Suleymaniye Mosque was developed by Muslims and St. Peter’s Basilica was designed by Romans. The Altar of Zeus provides a good Hellenistic Greek sculpture example, which was built between 166 and 156 BCE. The altar is crafted with art and sculpture, which depicts narrations. The Gigantochamy frieze, which adorns the base of the altar, has at least 100 distinct panels that show combats between gods and giants. Here, one connects with the Greek legend where Zaas decided to abandon Gaia’s after the new gods (led by Zeus and in support by Zaas) defeated the old gods (led by Cronus). The East Frieze sculpture, on the other hand, constitutes significant Olympic gods such as Hecate, Artemis, Zeus, Athena and Ares. In the same way, the north, south and west frieze sculptures continue with sculptural and relief narrations of various Greek gods.1 The altar, also known as the Altar of Pergamon, stands at 115 feet in width and 110 feet in depth. The altar was accessible through a stairway, from the west, which led up to a roofed hall extending to the front and sides of the altar. This altar is very important to the people, who regard it highly and it’s highly respected. It has been in existence for quite a long time and many people have high regard for the altar. Due to this fact, the altar of Pergamon is well preserved and taken care of. Ancient Egyptian pyramids held similar themes in architectural designs. The pyramids were erected on the west bank of the River Nile. This was in accordance with Egypt’s religious doctrine which stated that the dead should rest where the sun sets.2 In addition, most pyramids were covered with limestone, which was meant to give them a shiny appearance from a distance. Despite the fact that the pyramids were designed as tombstones for prominent persons such as kings and queens, they were embalmed with religious material. Outstandingly, the pyramids were meant to purify bodies in wait for the afterlife. Within the pyramids were sculptures, paintings and carvings, which portrayed spirituality. In addition, there were illustrations upon the tomb walls, also known as the Book of the Dead, which were meant to guide the deceased in their atonement of sins in preparation for the afterlife. The pyramids also consisted of airways and tunnels, which served to prevent decomposition. The Suleymaniye Mosque was named after Sultan Suleyman who requested it to be built after the Sehzade Mosque was not deemed as satisfactory. Sinan had built the Sehzade Mosque to commemorate the death of Prince Mehmed who had died of smallpox. The Suleymaniye Mosque was completed in 1557 and was of remarkable interior spa ce, height and intricate detail.3 The mosque consisted of four lengthy and thin minarets and a dome, which had a height of over 50 meters. Surrounding the mosque was a kulliye comprising of public baths, schools for teaching Quran, Hadith and primary school children, library, soup kitchen and a hospital. The public baths were situated near the entrance of the mosque since Muslims would take off their shoes before

Importance of institutional investors for financial markets Essay

Importance of institutional investors for financial markets - Essay Example Such funds are prepared to get reinvested so as to attain the benefit out from investments. There are different types of institutions that manage and organize investments (Davis, 2001). Such include pension institutions, insurance companies, savings institutions and foundations respectively. All institutions are important with respect to the area of finance they manage and deal with. It is their specialized skill which recovers the benefit from the investment, as they are more aware of the market trends and regulations than the ordinary man - â€Å"a common investor† (Davis, 2001). Institutional investments like pension funds have a great role in developing economies. Pension funds mount up the amount and number of investments attained by company employers in respect of their employees. The amount gets doubled and tripled after some time, depending on the rates on which it has been fixed, and adds a consistent share in the financial stock market until the policy gets expired. This is how regulations, policies and instrumentations of pension funds (institutional investment) retrieve the best outcome (liquid assets) for both investors and managers of the fund. The importance of pension institution funds vary with respect to the changing norms of countries’ markets. According to International Financial Services London (IFSL) 2004, UK projects an amount of $1,400 billion in the pension funds prospect, adding a major share in the UK’s financial stock market (BGL, 2010).... Such institutions are caretakers of others’ equities and private holding investments. The role of institutions is deliberate as they set a system of organizing, developing and managing respective funds. Such funds are prepared to get reinvested so as to attain the benefit out from investments. There are different types of institutions that manage and organize investments (Davis, 2001). Such include pension institutions, insurance companies, savings institutions and foundations respectively. All institutions are important with respect to the area of finance they manage and deal with. It is their specialized skill which recovers the benefit from the investment, as they are more aware of the market trends and regulations than the ordinary man - â€Å"a common investor† (Davis, 2001). Institutional investments like pension funds have a great role in developing economies. Pension funds mount up the amount and number of investments attained by company employers in respect of their employees. The amount gets doubled and tripled after some time, depending on the rates on which it has been fixed, and adds a consistent share in the financial stock market until the policy gets expired. This is how regulations, policies and instrumentations of pension funds (institutional investment) retrieve the best outcome (liquid assets) for both investors and managers of the fund. The importance of pension institution funds vary with respect to the changing norms of countries’ markets. According to International Financial Services London (IFSL) 2004, UK projects an amount of $1,400 billion in the pension funds prospect, adding a major share in the UK’s financial stock market (BGL, 2010). The contribution of pension funds is there for Germany and France

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans Research Paper

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans living on Mars sometime - Research Paper Example In 1971 may on 30th, mariner 9 took off from the earth to Mars on an Atlas Centaur rocket. It managed to arrive there in November the same year and started orbiting round the Red Planet. This was the first greatest achievement by the American manmade spaceship object to rotate around another planet. In this view, human beings had added a manmade satellite to another world. Following the American success, the Soviet Union also sent their two spaceships to Mars. These were Mars two and Mars three which achieved Martian orbit. This marked a constant desire to make more discoveries on the Red Planet and in three weeks, it had become a hotspot scientifically. The orbiting around Mars started changing human perspective about the solar system as a whole2. Spaceship has provided information concerning the family of planets indicating them to be strange and exotic than many people expected. In this regard, mars produced many surprises than any other solar system family. Mariner 9 indicated that Mars poses the biggest canyon and the largest mountain together with ancient streams and riverbeds. These discoveries were made from different sites on the Planet. The findings have been verified and explored in great details. Succeeding probes continue to sustain hopes that scientists might find signs of life on another planet just like the Earth3. Mars is still a fascinating place for humanity after forty years of research although; the investigation has proved to be a rocky business. According to Oxford astronomer, Professor Fred Taylor, Mars exploration story has been a true rollercoaster. Taylor closely worked with Nasa on several missions on Mars. He mentioned that the results of the explorations were different. Other results proved that there exists life on the planet4. On the other hand, some results proved the efforts to find life on the planet to be

Importance of institutional investors for financial markets Essay

Importance of institutional investors for financial markets - Essay Example Such funds are prepared to get reinvested so as to attain the benefit out from investments. There are different types of institutions that manage and organize investments (Davis, 2001). Such include pension institutions, insurance companies, savings institutions and foundations respectively. All institutions are important with respect to the area of finance they manage and deal with. It is their specialized skill which recovers the benefit from the investment, as they are more aware of the market trends and regulations than the ordinary man - â€Å"a common investor† (Davis, 2001). Institutional investments like pension funds have a great role in developing economies. Pension funds mount up the amount and number of investments attained by company employers in respect of their employees. The amount gets doubled and tripled after some time, depending on the rates on which it has been fixed, and adds a consistent share in the financial stock market until the policy gets expired. This is how regulations, policies and instrumentations of pension funds (institutional investment) retrieve the best outcome (liquid assets) for both investors and managers of the fund. The importance of pension institution funds vary with respect to the changing norms of countries’ markets. According to International Financial Services London (IFSL) 2004, UK projects an amount of $1,400 billion in the pension funds prospect, adding a major share in the UK’s financial stock market (BGL, 2010).... Such institutions are caretakers of others’ equities and private holding investments. The role of institutions is deliberate as they set a system of organizing, developing and managing respective funds. Such funds are prepared to get reinvested so as to attain the benefit out from investments. There are different types of institutions that manage and organize investments (Davis, 2001). Such include pension institutions, insurance companies, savings institutions and foundations respectively. All institutions are important with respect to the area of finance they manage and deal with. It is their specialized skill which recovers the benefit from the investment, as they are more aware of the market trends and regulations than the ordinary man - â€Å"a common investor† (Davis, 2001). Institutional investments like pension funds have a great role in developing economies. Pension funds mount up the amount and number of investments attained by company employers in respect of their employees. The amount gets doubled and tripled after some time, depending on the rates on which it has been fixed, and adds a consistent share in the financial stock market until the policy gets expired. This is how regulations, policies and instrumentations of pension funds (institutional investment) retrieve the best outcome (liquid assets) for both investors and managers of the fund. The importance of pension institution funds vary with respect to the changing norms of countries’ markets. According to International Financial Services London (IFSL) 2004, UK projects an amount of $1,400 billion in the pension funds prospect, adding a major share in the UK’s financial stock market (BGL, 2010). The contribution of pension funds is there for Germany and France

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

Genetically modified organism Essay The controversy over genetically modified (GM) food, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is viewed in diverse manners worldwide. Some individuals believe that GM food is more beneficial to society than not, while others bear strong beliefs that they may cause negative and harmful effects in the future. There are several reasons that could lead a person to believe that GM foods have a variety of advantages. However, there are various factors that could lead a person to believe otherwise as well. In the article entitled, â€Å"Counterpoint: Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated,† Sally Driscoll and David Morley discuss their opinions regarding GM food. Genetically modified foods are produced and sold nationwide. However, the United States government does not require GM food to be labeled as such. Therefore, when Americans purchase food, they are predominantly unaware of what they are buying and consuming. Everyone has their own opinion regarding this matter and whether or not the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) should regulate and identify GM food from the rest. Many argue that consumers should have the right to decide whether or not to purchase GM food as well. In order to do so, GM food would have to be regulated and labeled accordingly before placed on store shelves and sold to consumers (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 1). In the article entitled, â€Å"Genetically Modified Foods: An Overview,† written by Alex Rich and Tom Warhol, 92 percent of Americans feel GM ingredients in food products should be labeled. However, members of the FDA argue that GM food is indeed very similar to non- GM food and bears no potential risk. In other words, they feel labels are an unnecessary part of GM marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 2). Europe eventually made it illegal to sell GM food without labeling it. When labeling became mandatory, the sales of genetically modified food dropped drastically. Many Americans believe if this were to become mandated in the United States as well, many consumers (when afforded the opportunity to have a choice between the two) would chose food that does not contain GM ingredients. Since there is no way to differentiate between GM food and unaltered food, consumers that wish to steer clear of GM food purchase organic food (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). Research showed that several Americans do not have a side in the issue regarding GM foods. Studies showed the majority was actually â€Å"unaware of, an unconcerned about† GM cropping and marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 3). Critics of genetically modified food view this situation differently. They believe the primary reason Americans are so laid back with this issue is due to the fact that they are uninformed as to which products they purchase have been genetically modified (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 4). In other words, how can Americans have an opinion on a topic they know nothing about and have never been educated on? Food is an essential and significant part of everyday life. For thousands of years, humans have been consuming the same types of food. However, genetics have become more advanced throughout the years, allowing scientists to alter plants and animals. Traditionally, animals are the subject of scientific research â€Å"but it is now humans who are being treated as guinea pigs, every time they are subjected to GM meats and other products. † In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) deemed it safe for humans to consume cloned animals, while the USDA recommended that GM foods stay off the market indefinitely. However, there is no scientific evidence to prove that GM food will bear any negative long-term effects (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 2). Environmentally, some farmers believe herbicide and insecticide-engineered plants are not as beneficial to the environment as they are made out to be. This method discontinues weeds and/or insects temperamentally because it allows them to become immune to crops. However, because they build up a resistance to crops, additional pesticide spraying is needed regardless (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 4). Cross pollination is an area of major concern as well. For crops being grown outdoors, cross pollination can occur from the wind or insects. Because cross pollination is an event in which farmers have little or no control over, those who attempt to grow organic food should reconsider their techniques and produce their crops strictly indoors (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). This is the only true way to prevent these unwanted mishaps. In the essay entitled, â€Å"A Cure for World Hunger or ‘Frankenfood,’† Justin Petersen discusses the benefits and negative aspects of GM food. His argument solely depends upon the situation given at hand. If GM food can prevent malnourishment in some countries, why not produce mass amounts of GM food? However, why are Americans not demanding stricter regulations and research studies so they may decide for themselves whether or not they want to put these types of food into their bodies? These are some of the questions he attempts to answer and he also tries to inform his readers of both the negative and positive outlooks on GM food (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 519). For nearly twenty years, scientists have argued that GM crops can assist in the prevention and elimination of citizens starving in countries where the majority of the population is in poverty. Because GM food can withstand pests, diseases, and droughts, costs can be reduced and larger yields of crops can be harvested. This is one way to alleviate the amount of malnourished people residing in less fortunate countries. According to Petersen, in the year 2000, â€Å"more than 800 million people throughout the world were starving or malnourished, while five million children died each year as a direct result. † Although it is not guaranteed to end world hunger completely and indefinitely, GM technology is continuing to grow and advance (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 510). If utilized properly in underdeveloped countries for people in great need, GM food would terminate a significant amount of starving and suffering families throughout the world. The FDA does not test food for safety before it is placed on store shelves. Instead, they allow the companies themselves to test their own products. Many companies, however, voluntarily test their products before placing them on the market. There are allergens that are introduced into some genetically modified foods in certain companies but since they are not tested by the FDA, they cannot be placed on the labels. Therefore, buyers of the products are uninformed of the ingredients in their food, making those with allergies more susceptible to allergic reactions. As Petersen said, â€Å"That just underscores why it’s so important that the government require companies to test genetically engineered foods for new allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 515). † Several people must consume certain specific GM products in order for a company to be absolutely certain of which proteins will and will not result in an allergic reaction. A recommendation made for the FDA is to â€Å"require companies to test every newly introduced protein to see if it resembles known food allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 516). † Whether or not society is for or against GM food, it will always be an issue of growing concern. As advances in technology progress and people become more open minded about the situation, laws will either be created to provide certain regulations or people will just have to accept the fact that GM food is not labeled. If it is that much of a concern to an individual, organic food is always an option. While fortunate countries may be primarily concerned with government regulations, it would overall, as in Petersen’s essay, be a very beneficial idea for the less fortunate countries since they literally have people starving to death. Petersen’s essay best depicted the overall views of both sides. Several factors made it possible to decipher for oneself what is adequate. References Driscoll, S. , Morley, D. C. (2011). Counterpoint: Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Rich, A. K. , Warhol, T. (2011). Genetically Modified Foods: An Overview, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Veit, R. , Gould, C. (2010). Argument: Reading, Writing, and Research. Writing, Reading, Research. Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Difficult Obstacle In Learning English English Language Essay

Difficult Obstacle In Learning English English Language Essay Vocabulary is the most difficult obstacle in learning English. However, English word formation is an effective way to learn English, because it can help us to correctly identify the word form, part of speech, and to understand the meaning of the word, and to rapidly expand our vocabulary. Among them, affixation is the strongest one, and it forms the largest number of words, and it is considered to be one of the best ways to learn English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation are also the efficient ways of learning English. In the paper, the ways and characteristics of word formation are analyzed in affixation, compounding and conversion. Keywords: English word formation, affixation, compounding, conversion 1. Introduction Learning a language must to learn the speech, grammar and vocabulary. In these three elements, vocabulary occupies a pivotal position. Well-known scholar Wilkins said, without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. Vocabulary scientist McCarthy said more simply, no matter how well the student learns grammar, no matter how successfully he masters the sounds of a L2, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cannot happen in any meaningful way. So many teachers and students pay a lot attention to the vocabulary learning. And the expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word-forming patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the words have gain ed an institutional currency in the language. Therefore, rules only provide a constant set of models from which new words are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. Then I will analyze the ways and characteristics of word formation in affixation, compounding and conversion. 2. Affixation Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words that are created in this way are called derivatives. According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation is a way of forming new words by adding prefixes to stems. Usually, prefixes do not change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. Prefixes can be divided, based on their meanings, into: negative prefixes, reversative prefixes, pejorative prefixes, prefixes of degree or size, prefixes of orientation and attitude, locative prefixes, prefixes of time and order, number prefixes, conversion prefixes, miscellaneous prefixes. For instance, negative prefixes include: 1) a-, apolitical, asexual, atypical; 2) dis-, disobey, discredit, disloyal; 3) in-, il-, ir-, im-, inaudible, illegitimate, irresistible, improbable; 4) non-, non-classical, non-smoker, non-violence; 5) un-, undemocratic, unwillingly, unbuilt. Suffixation is the process of forming new words by adding suffixes to the end of stems. Suffixes have primary function being to change the word class with a slight modification of meaning. Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suffixes and verb suffixes. For instance, noun suffixes include: 1) denominal nouns, -eer, -er, -age, profiteer, teenager, mileage; 2) deverbal nouns, -ant, -ent, -ing, assistant, respondent, christening; 3) de-adjective nouns, -ity, -ness, productivity, youthfulness; 4) noun and adjective suffixes, -ese, -an, -ist, Chinese, Australian, Methodist. Affixation is the strongest word formation, and it forms the largest number of words, and it is considered to be one of the best ways to learn English. Linguist David Crystal said, no matter how big your vocabulary is, only you know the range of prefixes and suffixes, and you know the main limitation of using them, your vocabulary will sharp increase soon. Famous author Lord Chesterfield said, the shortest and best way of learning a language is to know the roots of it, that is, those original primitive words of which other words are formed. Etymology scientists John Kennedy said, the stem and its value are the basis of the English language. 3. Compounding Compounding or composition is a process of word formation by which two or more stems are put together to make a new word. Words formed in this way are called compounds. So a compound is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Quirk et al said that. Compounds can be divided into noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds. For instance, noun compounds include: 1) noun+ noun: moon cake, end product; 2) noun+ verb: toothache, frostbite; 3) verb+ noun: crybaby, tell-tale; 4) adjective+ noun: deadline, blueprint; 5) noun+ verb-ing: brainwashing, air-conditioning; 6) verb-ing+ noun: cleaning lady, wading bird; 7) noun+ verb-er: stockholder, crime reporter; 8) adverb+ verb: outbreak, downfall; 9) verb+ adverb: sit-in, have-not; 10)verb-ing+ adverb: going-over, carryings-on; 11) adverb+ verb-ing: up-bringing. And compounds have noticeable characteristics, such as phonolog ical features, semantic features, grammatical features and orthographical features. 4. Conversion Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class, without changes in morphological structures. New words are new only in a grammatical sense. For instance, the word paper as a noun has four senses: 1) material in thin sheets made from wood or cloth, 2) a newspaper, 3) a piece of writing for specialists, and 4) wallpaper. When turned into a transitive verb, it is related only to 4) as in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"She papered the room greenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 5. Conclusion English words are difficult to learn and hard to remember, but there are internal rules can be found. If we start from word formation, we can make vocabulary learning become simple and efficient, and make it possible for the rapid expansion of vocabulary. Word formation is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. We should grasp the three main ways, affixation, compounding and conversion, especially for our English major students.

Leaving the Past Behind in Everyday Use Essay -- Everyday Use essays

Leaving the Past Behind in Everyday Use      Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyday Use by Alice Walker is a short story about how people get caught up in the superficial value of material things, and the jealousy this desire causes.   In this short story Dee, the eldest daughter, was always ashamed by the way she lived during her childhood years.   As she was educated more and more, her feelings of hatred for poverty and ignorance grew intensely.   After she finished college her abhorrent feelings grew immensely, and she tried to take advantage of those less educated than her.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dee always hated the way she lived when she was being raised by her mother.   Dee was obviously overjoyed when the house that she hated so much, was finally destroyed.   "A look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house fall in toward the red-hot brick chimney.   Why don't you do a dance around the ashes?   I'd wanted to ask her.   She hated the house that much."   The destruction of this symbol of poverty gave her a spark of hope that she and her family would move up in the world, that eventually snowballed into a much larger hatred.   She was always ashamed of her past and did everything in her power to improve her status.   Even when she was sixteen years old, her mother recalls the urge Dee had to improve everything she could.   Her mother said, "Dee wanted nice things.   A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made form an old suit somebody gave me."   Even though she knew her family couldn't afford "nice things" she had a burning desire for them.   This desire made her take the time and effort to alter a suit her mother was given, into a nicer ... ...and her chin.   She was making a last ditch effort to try to make a distinction between her financial class and her mother's.   The fact that she hid her entire face behind a pair of dark shades, is symbolic of her trying to put a barrier between herself and her poor past.    Works Cited Cowart, David.   "Heritage and Deracination in Walker's 'Everyday Use.'" Studies in Short Fiction 33 (1996): 171-84. Hoel, Helga.   "Personal Names and Heritage:   Alice Walker's 'Everyday Use'." 2000. Trondheim Cathedral School, Trondheim, Norway.   30 Jan. 2000. Showalter, Elaine.   "Piecing and Writing."   The Poetics of Gender.   Nancy K. Miller, Ed. New York: Columbia UP, 1986.   222-47. Walker, Alice.   "Everyday Use."   Literature:   Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. 4th ed. Robert DiYanni, Ed.   New York:   McGraw Hill, 1998.   408-413.   

Women Nominized and Winners of the Nobel Prize :: essays research papers fc

CONTENT: 1.ALFRED BERNHARDT NOBEL 2.HISTORY OF THE NOBEL PRIZES 3.CRITERIA FOR AWARDING THE PRIZE 4.WOMEN NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 5.WOMEN NOMINAZED AT THE NOBEL PRIZES 6.CONCLUSIONS-HALL OF FAME OF THE NOBEL PRIZES AND THEIR ROLE 7.BIBLIOGRAPHY MOTTO: With most sincere appreciation and respect, I thank Mrs.Chira Carmen for the valuable advises she gave me in the process of this project’s elaboration. I also express my gratitude for the attention and support she has given me throughout the time. CHAPTER I ALFRED BERNHARD NOBEL Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist who invented dynamite and other more powerful explosives and who also founded the Nobel Prize, Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Immanuel was an inventor and engineer who had married Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell in 1827. The couple had eight children, of whom only Alfred and three brothers reached adulthood. Alfred was prone to illness as a child, but he enjoyed a close relationship with his mother and displayed a lively intellectual curiosity from an early age. He was interested in explosives, and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his father. Immanuel, meanwhile, had failed at various business ventures until moving in 1837 to St. Petersburg in Russia, where he prospered as a manufacturer of explosive mines and machine tools. The Nobel family left Stockholm in 1842 to join the father in St. Petersburg. Alfred's newly prosperous parents were now able to send him to private tutors, and he proved to be an eager pupil. He was a competent chemist by age 16 and was fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, as well as Swedish. Alfred Nobel left Russia in 1850 to spend a year in Paris studying chemistry and then spent four years in the United States working under the direction of John Ericsson, the builder of the ironclad warship Monitor. Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Nobel worked in his father's factory, which made military equipment during the Crimean War. After the war ended in 1856, the company had difficulty switching to the peacetime production of steamboat machinery, and it went bankrupt in 1859.Alfred and his parents returned to Sweden, while his brothers Robert and Ludvig stayed behind in Russia to salvage what was left of the family business. Alfred soon began experimenting with explosives in a small laboratory on his father's estate. At the time, the only dependable explosive for use in mines was black powder, a form of gunpowder. A recently discovered liquid compound, nitroglycerin, was a much more powerful explosive, but it was so volatile that it could not be handled with any degree of safety.

Jennings and Armington

Running Head: JENNINGS AND ARMINGTON 1 Marlene Clarke Kaplan University LS 311-02 Business Law Professor Toni Starcher September 12th 2012 JENNINGS AND ARMINGTON 2Armington, while robbing a drugstore, shot and seriously injured Jennings, a drugstore clerk. Armington was subsequently convicted in a criminal trial of armed robbery, assault and battery. Jennings later brought a civil tort suit against Armington for damages. Armington contended that he could not be tried again for the same crime, as that would constitute double jeopardy, which is prohibited in the Fifth Amendment to the constitution. In this situation, Armington is incorrect about the double jeopardy law and he should accept responsibility for what he did.The Fifth Amendment offers certain protection to the defendant but the law must maintain fairness and consistency. According to the text, the Fifth Amendment does not allow a person to be tried twice for the same crime. In other words, if a person faces trial for a cr ime and is found not guilty and later on new evidence is discovered to link the person to the crime, they cannot stand trial a second time. Double jeopardy does not prohibit damages entitled to the victim in a civil suit.A civil tort suit occurs when someone has been hurt so the law allows them to seek compensation. Based on the scenario, Jennings deserves compensation because of the damages she sustained, suffered and endured. Since Jennings had a serious injury because of the intentional act committed by Armington, she should be able to receive compensation for her injuries. References * Miller, L. R. & Jentz, G. A. (2010). Fundamentals of business law: Summarized cases (8th Edition). Ohio: Cengage Learning

The Paradox of Morgan le Fay

In Arthurian legend and Celtic myths, Morgan le Fay takes on a wide range of identities and personas – she is sister, sorceress, wise mother, implacable nemesis, and later, grieving goddess – making her one of the most paradoxical and dynamic characters in lore and literature. Charlotte Spivack notes in Popular Arthurian Traditions that Morgana le Fay, beautiful and nurturing, first appears in the works of Geoffrey of Monmouth, as one of â€Å"the nine sisters of the holy isle of Avalon† (18). In some texts, she is sister or half-sister to the King Arthur, and in other literature, it is he with whom she begets a child, Morgan (Joe). She is a benevolent figure in the earlier British romantic verses, and it is her remarkable healing powers that make her so. In The Grail from Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol, Arthurian scholar Roger Looms notes that â€Å"There is no attribute of Morgan's better authenticated than her power of healing† (161). In later literature, her identity starts to change and she is portrayed as â€Å"a malicious master of the black arts† (Spivack 18). Maureen Fries notes, in â€Å"Female Heroes, Heroines and Counter-Heroes: Images of Women in Arthurian Tradition† that her degeneration in the later retellings of the myths stems from society’s changing outlook, as her traits start as noble skills of a goddess, and then morphs into the destructive magic of witches and sorceresses (13). Her powers and her role center towards the destruction of King Arthur, and she comes up with several elaborate ploys to kill him, all of which fail, not for want of clever and diabolic planning, but of fate, as in the case of the assassin she sent, whose horse trips on a hole (Spivack 31). However, she reverts to her nurturing goddess role, again playing the role of healer and protector to King Arthur, whose fate ultimately leads him, in his final moments, to her grieving care in the isle of Avalon (Fries 13). Although portraying a range of roles and intentions, it is the contradictions of Morgan le Fay that make her resonate in the Arthurian legends. Works Cited Fries, Maureen. â€Å"Female Heroes, Heroines and Counter-Heroes: Images of Women in Arthurian Tradition.† Popular Arthurian Traditions. Ed. Sally K. Slocum. Bowling Green, OH: Popular Press, 1992. Joe, Jimmy. â€Å"Morgan Le Fay.† Timeless Myths: Arthurian Women. 24 June 1999. 03 May 2008. ;http://www.timelessmyths.com/arthurian/women.html#Morgan;. Loomis Roger Sherman. The Grail from Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol. New York: Columbia University Library, 1965. Spivack, Charlotte. â€Å"Morgan le Fay: Goddess or Witch?† The Company of Camelot: Arthurian Characters in Romance and Fantasy. Eds. Charlotte Spivack and Roberta Lynne Staples. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.

A Stim To Good Nutrition Essay Research

A Stim To Good Nutrition Essay, Research Paper Introduction Envision an aged adult female who is really weak, frail, and sickly looking. She can non take portion in normal day-to-day activities, due to her complaint. She has really thin hair, tegument, and nails. This adult female appears to hold aged physically beyond her old ages. She can non bask the avocations that she has in the yesteryear, because of the deficiency of musculus strength and bone denseness. The bulk of her twenty-four hours is spent lying in bed watching telecasting, merely acquiring up when wholly necessary to avoid hurting and agony. The cause of this adult female? s pathetic quandary is her dietetic wonts. She does non acquire the proper vitamins and minerals, nor does she pattern normal feeding forms ( skips repasts ) which can discourage the organic structure to transport out its normal day-to-day maps. An deficient sum of protein, saccharides, Calories, fat, and vitamins and minerals can do the organic structure to close down. Merely as a auto needs gasolene to run, the human organic structure needs proper foods to map. This state of affairs could hold been avoided if this adult female had been educated decently during her younger old ages. Nutritional Requirements Good nutrition is of import at any age, but particularly during adolescence. During this clip span from age ten to fifteen for misss and age 12 to nineteen for male childs, kids? s tallness additions, endocrines alteration, and activities addition ( Trends, web ) . Following the Food Guide Pyramid is the best manner to guarantee all needed foods are obtained. Peoples should eat 6 to 11 helpings from the staff of life, cereal, rice, and pasta group ; 2 to 4 helpings from the fruit group ; 3 to 5 helpings from the vegetable group ; 2 to 3 helpings from the milk, yoghurt, and cheese group ; 2 to 4 helpings from the meat, domestic fowl, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts group ; and utilize fats, oils, and Sweets meagerly ( Anspaugh, 34 ) . Along with following the Food Guide Pyramid ( see figure 1 ) , adolescents need a greater sum of Ca for bone growing, strengthening, and to forestall osteoporosis subsequently in life. All striplings need more Fe ; misss experience the oncoming of menses and male childs have an addition in thin mass ( Trends, web ) . Thermal demands vary for each kid depending on sum of growing, physical activities, and degree of ripening ( Backgrouder, web ) . Figure 1 Eating Forms The mean adolescent diet consists of big sums of fast nutrient, bites high in fat, few vegetable and fruits, and even jumping repasts ( Casey, 931 ) . A recent survey at Louisiana State University published in the News-Star stated, ? murphy french friess and Gallic french friess make up more than one-fourth of the vegetable helpings eaten by kids, and about tierce of the vegetables eaten by adolescents ( New Orleans, 5A ) . ? The US Department of Agriculture? s Healthy Eating Index shows that today? s stripling diet? needs betterment? and that the overall HEI mark diminutions as a kid matures to an grownup. The US Department of Agriculture besides reports the addition in liquid Calories consumed because soft drinks are replacing milk in many diets ( Evers, 20 ) . Another of import factor is the lifting figure of adolescent vegetarians who may non acquire plenty of the of import vitamins and minerals needed during this growing stage. Calcium, protein, and Fe are frequently missing fro m a vegetarian diet and may non be added through consumption of dietetic addendums ( Trends, web ) . Fast nutrient and eating out contributes greatly to the diminution in alimentary content of the mean adolescent diet. Besides, the proper figure of repasts a twenty-four hours should be maintained by all ages to stay healthy ( see figure 2 ) . This tabular array shows about how many helpings of nonfat, thin nutrients are needed for three different Calorie degrees ( 1,600, 2,200, and 2,800 Calories ) . HOW MANY SERVINGS DO YOU NEED EACH DAY? CHILDREN, WOMEN, OLDER ADULTS TEEN GIRLS, ACTIVE WOMEN, MOST MEN TEEN BOYS, ACTIVE MEN CALORIE LEVEL? Approximately 1,600 ABOUT 2,200 ABOUT 2,800 Milk A ; Milk Products Group? 2 to 4 2 to 4 2 to 4 Meat A ; Meat Alternatives Group 2 2 3 Vegetable Group 3 4 5 Fruit Group 2 3 4 Bread A ; Cereal Group 6 9 11 Entire Fat ( gms ) ? 36 to 53 49 to 73 62 to 93 Table 1 Over the past 40 old ages, fast nutrient has appeared everyplace, from shops and airdromes to athletic events and schools. In 1997, the United States spent $ 100 billion devouring fast nutrient ( Schlosser, web ) . Harmonizing to an article in Rolling Stone Magazine, ? Americans now spend more money on fast nutrient than they do on higher instruction, personal computing machines, package, or new autos. They spend more on fast nutrient than films, books, magazines, newspapers, pictures, and recorded music combined ( Schlosser, web ) . ? In fact, 96 % of American kids most easy identified Santa Claus foremost and Ronald McDonald 2nd. In this fast-paced universe, non merely does fast nutrient take the topographic point of healthy repasts, but sometimes repasts like breakfast are non eaten at all ( Schlosser, web ) . For whatever ground people skip breakfast, we should see why breakfast is considered the most of import repast of the twenty-four hours. A survey of 504 immature grownups in Bogalusa, LA yielded consequences of the prevalence of jumping breakfast and the effects. Thirty-seven per centum of the topics did non eat breakfast, doing them two to five times more likely to hold a alimentary deficient diet. The striplings who skipped breakfast had less energy, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral consumptions compared to those who ate in the forenoon. Besides, of those who did non eat breakfast, 66 % Ate a bite before tiffin, compared to 49 % of breakfast feeders who snacked before tiffin ( New Orleans, 5A ) . Influences on Eating Habits Research from 141 pupils in the 7th and 10th classs in St. Paul, Minnesota, showed interesting consequences when teens were asked to explicate their eating wonts. The most often discussed factors act uponing what the topics ate included: hungriness, gustatory sensation and visual aspect of nutrient picks, and picking nutrients by their readying clip. When asked why they were non eating a balanced diet, some pupils expressed their deficiency of concern for future wellness jobs. Another common account was that debris nutrients gustatory sensation better than healthy nutrients. Still others said that fruits and veggies are non convenient because many have to be peeled or cooked and were non available in topographic points like fast nutrient eating houses, school peddling machines, and at place. The pupils besides added that fast nutrient is a inexpensive and easy manner to eat ( Casey, 931 ) . Another major factor act uponing the eating wonts of striplings is publicizing. Each twenty-four hours the mean kid sees more than 82 telecasting commercials, many advertisement trendy or quick but non alimentary nutrients and drinks. The eating wonts of today? s teens are brooding of the messages they receive through advertisement. Even the advertisement in some schools does non dwell of healthy bites and repasts. Schools are besides a great topographic point to learn kids of all ages to understand advertisement schemes so they will cognize why these companies want to do their merchandise expression so appealing ( Evers, 22 ) . Marion Nestle, president for the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences at New York State University stated, ? makers are paying big amounts of money and acquiring tonss of advertisement inside schools. They are forcing aside better nutritionary picks such as milk or fruit juice ( Condor, 1B ) . ? Consequences of Unhealthy Eating Today? s teens face many equal force per unit areas and strive to look like the stars and theoretical accounts in magazines and on telecasting and films. Because of society? s stereotype that everyone should be thin, there is an addition in the prevalence of eating upsets among striplings. The National Center for Health Statistics states that 100 females between the ages of 12 and 18 has anorexia nervosa. This is a disease caused by dramatically restricting nutrient consumption. Aside from anorexia, another common feeding upset is bulimia. Features of this eating upset include episodes of gorging normally followed by periods of guilt and depression frequently relieved by purging. Contrary to popular belief, anorexia, binge-eating syndrome, and other feeding upsets are non limited to females, five to ten per centum of all eating upsets occur males ( Beason, 2B ) . Many striplings with eating upsets may claim they are merely dieting or seeking to command their weight ( Trends, web ) . Figure 3 shows a chart of weight guidelines. Height/Weight Guidelines WOMEN MEN low center high low center high 4 # 8242 ; 10 # 8243 ; 100 115 131 5 # 8242 ; 1 # 8243 ; 123 134 145 4 # 8242 ; 11 # 8243 ; 101 117 134 5 # 8242 ; 2 # 8243 ; 125 137 148 5 # 8242 ; 0 # 8243 ; 103 120 137 5 # 8242 ; 3 # 8243 ; 127 139 151 5 # 8242 ; 1 # 8243 ; 105 122 140 5 # 8242 ; 4 # 8243 ; 129 142 155 5 # 8242 ; 2 # 8243 ; 108 125 144 5 # 8242 ; 5 # 8243 ; 131 145 159 5 # 8242 ; 3 # 8243 ; 111 128 148 5 # 8242 ; 6 # 8243 ; 133 148 163 5 # 8242 ; 4 # 8243 ; 114 133 152 5 # 8243 ; 7 # 8243 ; 135 151 167 5 # 8242 ; 5 # 8243 ; 117 136 156 5 # 8242 ; 8 # 8243 ; 137 154 171 5 # 8242 ; 6 # 8243 ; 120 140 160 5 # 8242 ; 9 # 8243 ; 139 157 175 5 # 8242 ; 7 # 8243 ; 123 143 164 5 # 8242 ; 10 # 8243 ; 141 160 179 5 # 8242 ; 8 # 8243 ; 126 146 167 5 # 8242 ; 11 # 8243 ; 144 164 183 5 # 8242 ; 9 # 8243 ; 129 150 170 6 # 8242 ; 0 # 8243 ; 147 167 187 5 # 8242 ; 10 # 8243 ; 132 153 173 6 # 8242 ; 1 # 8243 ; 150 171 192 5 # 8242 ; 11 # 8243 ; 135 156 176 6 # 8242 ; 2 # 8243 ; 153 175 197 6 # 8242 ; 0 # 8243 ; 138 159 179 6 # 8242 ; 3 # 8243 ; 157 179 202 Table 2 The Youth Risk Behavior Survey questioned striplings in classs nine through 12s across the state and found that 59 % of females and 23 % of males use dieting or other methods to lose weight. Other research from the Minnesota Adolescent Survey questioned 34,000 pupils in classs seven through 12s about their dieting wonts. Twelve per centum of the females and two per centum of the males admitted to dieting at least 10 times per twelvemonth. Thirty per centum of females and 13 per centum of males claimed they participated in orgy feeding. Consequences from these studies and many others demonstrate the high per centums of striplings with unhealthy eating wonts ( Neumark, 447 ) . Other researc hers questioned if striplings understood certain words associating to feeding, and decided to research teens? readings of the footings? dieting? and? orgy eating. ? They surveyed 203 striplings in 25 focal point groups and asked them to specify these footings and explain how they related to their lives. The consequences showed the bulk of groups explained dieting as a term used for healthy eating wonts. One-half of the groups described dieting as unhealthy feeding behaviours such as jumping repasts and famishment. One-half of the groups besides said dieting was used as a method of weight loss. When the groups were asked to specify orgy feeding, most of them related this term to gorging. Some of the groups differentiated orgy eating from general gorging by type of nutrient consumed. To these pupils, orgy eating meant taking in debris nutrient while gorging was considered eating excessively many healthy nutrients. One-fifth of the groups defined orgy eating as gorging when non hungry or eating because of ennui. About half of the groups related orgy eating to excessive eating followed by purging. Overall, the consequences showed the uncertainness of whether dieting is positive or negative and precisely what orgy eating agencies among today? s striplings ( Neumark, 448 ) . Improvements in Adolescent Nutrition Harmonizing to the American Dietetic Association, during the last 25 old ages, the United States passed Torahs to? supply equal nutrient and nutrition for the state? s kids and striplings ( Caton, web ) . ? While great paces have been made, more betterments must be added to increase healthy eating among this age group. In 1946, the National School Lunch Program stated that a healthy tiffin must include two ounces of protein, six ounces of veggies and or fruits, staff of life and butter, and one-half pint of whole milk. The School Breakfast Program started by the Child Nutrition Act in 1966 helps more kids receive a alimentary breakfast ( Beech, 1433 ) . By 1977, legislators acknowledged the demand for more advanced plans like the Nutrition and Education Training Programs ( Casey, 933 ) . In 1990, the National Food Service Management Institute began supplying information on nutrition and preparation to farther educate people about healthy feeding ( National, web ) . Revisions by the Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act in 1994 stated that the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Programs must run into the American Dietary Guidelines to g uarantee a balanced diet. Recently in 1995, School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children updated nutritionary criterions to supply a assortment of bill of fare for schools ( US, web ) . Aside from statute law to better kids? s nutrition, schools are the best topographic point to develop a good foundation for healthy eating wonts. Americans send their kids to school to be educated non merely in reading, composing, and arithmetic, but in all countries. Since schools are the primary topographic point of instruction, kids should larn about nutrition associated with day-to-day eating, advancing wellness, and forestalling diseases. Dietary professionals at schools can besides measure pupils? eating wonts every bit good as their hazards for certain diseases ( Identifying, web ) . Schools need qualified professionals to educate decision makers, instructors, managers, staff, kids, and parents about the importance of good nutrition. Team Nutrition, a USDA plan, can be implemented in schools to educate both kids and parents. As portion of this plan, professionals trained in nutrition aid participants learn healthy feeding wonts through synergistic games ( Position, web ) . Dieticians can besides learn teens the facts and myths associated with a healthy diet every bit good as how to read nutrient labels and construe thei r significance ( Borra, 817 ) . This type of instruction should get down in simple school so kids can develop good wonts early in life ( Student, 9 ) . Children can be taught early to understand nutrition and exercising to guarantee future wellness ( Student, 9 ) . Because the per centum of fleshy American teens continues to lift from 21 % in 1994, nutritionary instruction should besides include safe and healthy ways to lose excess weight ( Backgrounder, web ) . An easy manner to learn adolescents about nutrition and healthy feeding is to larn the American Dietetic Association? s healthy weight direction acronym # 8211 ; CHANGE:# 61656 ; Count out crash diets or speedy weight-loss strategies.# 61656 ; Have forbearance in losing a half lb to one lb per hebdomad.# 61656 ; Always drink plentifulness of H2O or other fluids.# 61656 ; Never skip repasts in attempts to lose weight.# 61656 ; Get up and travel, increase your physical activity.# 61656 ; Eat a assortment of nutrients ( 18 ) . Along with day-to-day healthy feeding wonts and weight control, nutritionary instruction should include healthy noshing as a major focal point. Noshing can be a healthy and of import portion of a immature individual? s life. One of import factor to retrieve is that noshing should non be used as a replacement for eating healthy repasts, but for an excess sum of energy and nutrition ( Trends, web ) . Children can non devour big sums of nutrient at one clip, so they get hungry between repasts. If striplings are highly active they may necessitate excess energy for good public presentation during activities ( Backgrounder, web ) . Wellness Director at the University of Louisiana at Monroe, Treina Landrum, told the News-Star that? teens need to see their entire day-to-day nutrient consumption. Teens with early tiffin interruptions or after school activities may hold a long delay between tiffin and supper. They? ll need fuel to maintain their energy up? ( Tucker, 1B ) . The News-Star published a different article with thoughts for healthy bites. With a small creativeness, childs can hold fun eating healthy options to debris nutrien t. It besides stated that parents should purchase the types of nutrient they want their childs to eat # 8211 ; if debris nutrient is non available, the childs can non eat it ( Martinez, 3B ) . Another article published in the News-Star titled, ? Noshing Doesn? t Mean Unhealthy Eating? offered some tips to parents with kids who snack between repasts:# 61623 ; Give bites in little helpings, non an full box.# 61623 ; Save uneaten nutrient from a repast for a bite subsequently.# 61623 ; Make home-made bites with less fat by replacing fatty ingredients with more healthy 1s.# 61623 ; Offer fruits and veggies as bites alternatively of cookies and confect ( Beason, 2B ) . Decision Nutrition relates to all facets of life and should be integrated into everyone? s day-to-day docket. Although nutrition may non be a focal point for today? s adolescents, it should be. Children and striplings with hapless eating behaviours grow to be grownups with the same feeding jobs. These unhealthy feeding wonts can turn lifelessly if they progress to an eating upset and are untreated. If taught at an early age, kids can develop healthy wonts and do wise determinations for themselves. Ignorance is one of the grounds many people, even in today? s modern society, have unhealthy behaviours. Education is the reply to raising a smart and healthy hereafter for our state. 1. Anspaugh, D. , et Al. ( 1997 ) . Health: constructs and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2. Backgrounder # 8211 ; child/adolescent nutrition A ; wellness. ( 1998, August ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ificinfo.health.org/index3.htm. 3. Beason, H. ( 1999, September 1 ) . Noshing doesn? t mean unhealthy feeding. News- Star, p. 2B. 4. Beech, B. , et Al. ( 1998, December ) . Impact of breakfast ingestion on nutritionary adequateness of the diets of immature grownups in Bogalusa, Louisiana: cultural and gender constrasts. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98, 1432-1437. 5. Borra, S. , et Al. ( 1995 ) . Food, physical activity, and merriment: inspiring America? s childs to more healthy life styles. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 816- 818, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteens.miningco.com/index.htm. 6. Casey, M. , et Al. ( 1999, August ) . Factors act uponing nutrient picks of striplings: findings from focal point groups treatments with striplings. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99 ( 8 ) , 929-934. 7. Caton, J. ( 1990 ) . The history of the American school nutrient service association: a pinch of love. The American Food Service Association, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteens.miningco.com/index.htm. 8. Condor, B. ( 1999, August 24 ) . When it comes to saccharify, intelligence is difficult to get down. News-Star, p. 1B. 9. Evers, C. ( 1999, August ) . Turning smart consumers. School Food Service A ; Nutrition, 19-20, 22. 10. Identifying patients at hazard: ADA? s definitions for nutrition showing and nutrition appraisal. ( 1994 ) . Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94, 838-839, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteens.miningco.com/index.htm. 11. Martinez, M. ( 1999, August 25 ) . After-school bites can be healthy and appealing to childs. News-Star, p. 3B. 12. National Health/Education Consortium. ( 1993 ) . Eat to larn, larn to eat: the nexus between nutrition and acquisition in kids, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteens.miningco.com/index.htm. 13. Neumark-Sztainer, D. A ; Story, M. ( 1998, April ) . Dieting and binge feeding among striplings: what do they truly intend? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98 ( 4 ) , 446-449. 14. New Orleans Associated Press. ( 1999, September 6 ) . LSU survey: Gallic french friess, french friess are one-third of adolescent? s vegetables. News-Star, p. 5A. 15. Position of ADA, SNE, and ASFSA. ( 1995 ) . School-based nutrition plans and services. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 367-369, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteens.miningco.com/index.htm. 16. Schlosser, E. ( 1998, September 3 ) . Fast nutrient state: the true cost of America? s diet. Rolling Stone, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mcspotlight.org/media/press/rollingstone1.html. 17. Student nutrition study. ( 1999, September ) . School Food Service A ; Nutrition, 53, ( 8 ) , 9. 18. Tendencies in adolescent nutrition. hypertext transfer protocol: //ificinfo.health.org. 19. Tucker, L. ( 1999, September 15 ) . Snack onslaught: give teens healthy options for cravings between repasts. News-Star, p. 1B. 20. US Department of Agriculture. ( 1995 ) . Concluding ordinance: school repasts initiative for healthy kids, hypertext transfer protocol: //parentingteen.miningco.com/index.htm.